Which of the following is typically NOT included in the closing costs?

Homeowner's association dues are typically not included in closing costs because they are ongoing fees that are paid directly to the homeowner’s association rather than being part of the one-time transaction costs associated with buying a home. Closing costs generally consist of fees that are directly related to the loan and transaction process itself, such as title insurance, origination fees, and appraisal fees, which are all incurred at the time of closing when the property changes hands.

While homeowner’s association dues must be paid by homeowners, they are not typically required to be settled at closing and often recur monthly or annually after the purchase is final. Therefore, this makes them distinct from the other options listed.